@InProceedings{GattiMBDCMCSATAAVGPNC:2019:AmCaBa,
               author = "Gatti, Luciana Vanni and Miller, John B. and Basso, Luana 
                         Santamaria and Domingues, Lucas Gatti and Cassol, Henrique Luis 
                         Godinho and Marani, Luciano and Correira, Caio Silvestre de 
                         Carvalho and Sanchez, Alber and Arai, Eg{\'{\i}}dio and Tejada, 
                         Graciela and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de and 
                         Anderson, Liana O. and Von Randow, Celso and Gloor, Manuel and 
                         Peters, Wouter and Neves, Raiane Aparecida Lopes and Crispim, 
                         Stephane Palma",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {NOAA/ESRL 
                         Global Monitoring Division} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Energ{\'e}ticas (IPEN)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de 
                         Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Leeds} and {Wageningen 
                         University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Amazon Carbon Balance and its Sensitivity to climate and 
                         human-driven changes",
                 year = "2019",
         organization = "AGU Fall Meeting",
             abstract = "The Amazon accounts for 50% of Earths tropical rainforests hosting 
                         the largest live carbon pools in vegetation and soils (~200 PgC). 
                         The net carbon exchange between tropical land and the atmosphere 
                         is critically important, because the stability of carbon in 
                         forests and soils can be disrupted on short time-scales. The main 
                         processes releasing C to the atmosphere are deforestation, fires 
                         and changes in growing conditions due to increased temperatures 
                         and droughts. Such changes may thus cause feedbacks on global 
                         climate. In the last 40 years, the Amazon mean temperature has 
                         increased by 1.1șC. Annual mean precipitation has also decreased 
                         by 51 mm during this same 40 year period. The precipitation 
                         reduction occurred mainly in the dry season, and the dry season 
                         has lengthened, exacerbating vegetation water stress with 
                         consequences for carbon balance. To better understand its C 
                         budget, starting in 2010 we established a regionally 
                         representative greenhouse gas monitoring program across Amazonia. 
                         The program aims to quantify gas concentrations (CO2, CH4, N2O, 
                         CO, and SF6) based on extensive collection of air from light 
                         aircraft vertical profiles. The atmosphere is profiled from the 
                         ground up to 4.5 km height at four sites along the main air-stream 
                         over the Amazon Basin on a twice-monthly basis. Here we will 
                         report what these new data tell us about the carbon balance and 
                         its controls from 2010-2017. During this period we performed 513 
                         vertical profiles over four strategic regions that represent 
                         fluxes over much of Amazonia. The observed variability of carbon 
                         fluxes during these 8 years is correlated with climate-related 
                         (temperature, precipitation, soil water storage from GRACE 
                         satellite) and anthropogenic (fire counts) variables. The 
                         correlations were performed inside the upwind area for each 
                         profiling site. During our study period, the Amazon was a 
                         consistent source of 0.4 ± 0.2 PgC/year on average, extrapolating 
                         to the entire Amazon Basin area of 7.2 million km2. Fire emission 
                         is the main source of carbon to the atmosphere, which is not 
                         compensated by the C removal from old-growth Amazon forest. 
                         Moreover, the drought years of 2010, 2015 and 2016 are playing an 
                         outsized role in the eight-year mean. Removing those years from 
                         the mean, the net source is reduced from 0.4 ± 0.2 PgC/year to 0.2 
                         ± 0.2 PgC/year.",
  conference-location = "San Francisco, CA",
      conference-year = "09-13 dec.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "gatti_amazon.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "01 maio 2024"
}